Pierre shale

The sediments of this marine basin are the Pierre Shale, a layer of dark-gray shale lying along the Front Range of Colorado. "Pierre Shale has this nasty tendency to bow up people's basements ...

The genera Welles (1962) expressed doubt about the validity the spe- Elasmosaurus Cope, 1868a and Hydralmosaurus Welles, 1943 cies Alzadasaurus kartsasensis and the diagnostic quality of are presumed to be valid Pierre Shale taxa whose original descriptions are sufficient for generic diagnosis, but. their this specimen.Pierre shale is of marine origin and was deposited in the Western Inland Seaway during the Cretaceous period. It is a geologic formation that occurs east of the Rocky Mountains from North Dakota to New Mexico and is about 700 feet thick, lying above the Niobrara formation. It is a dark-gray shale, that contains many fossils, and has veins and ...PIERRE Clayey shale 29 105 0.2762 PIERRE Sandstone and shale 13 105 0.1238 A rough approximation of MLRA membership has been computed by taking the intersection of all map unit polygons and current MLRA polygons. Membership values are based on intsersecting areas weighted by component percentage divided by total soil …Cooperstown Pierre Shale Site Cooperstown Pierre Shale Site Mosasaurs, Sharks, and Other Marine Creatures from the Cooperstown Pierre Shale Site by John W. Hoganson, Michael Hanson, Dennis L. Halvorson, and Verla Halvorson Figure 1 - Mike Hanson and Dennis Halvorson at the Cooperstown Site. Another specimen was found in the Pierre Shale geological formation in 1970. This turtle measured 16 feet wide, from one flipper's tip to the other. It was 13.1 feet long. Because the Archelon is larger than Protostega gigas (9.8 feet long) and Stupendemys (11 feet long), it is now identified as the world's biggest turtle in history.Shale is a rock that has been formed from the compression of mud over time. Some black shale contains organic compounds that can be converted to oil or natural gas. Other colors of shale are crushed and mixed with water to create clay.highest confining pressure for the Pierre shale was only 13.79 MPa (2000 psi) because of its softness and highly ductile behavior under high confining pre ssure.

Chevron said today it will buy smaller rival Hess in a $53-billion all-stock deal, as the oil major looks to increase its footprint in oil-rich Guyana. The deal puts two of the top oil …Pg. 20. Ogallala formation. In Kansas, comprises (ascending) Valentine, Ash Hollow, and Kimball members. Maximum thickness 350 feet. Overlies Pierre shale; underlies Meade formation in some areas and in others Sanborn formation. [Age is Pliocene.] Source: US geologic names lexicon (USGS Bull. 1200, p. 2803-2804).Pg. 2338. Mobridge member of Pierre shale. Calcareous shale and marl (footnote, term marl is here used to denote calcareous clay, in this case marine). Thickness at type section 136 feet. Lies above "gumbo-forming" shale of upper part of Virgin Creek member and below noncalcareous shale at base of Elk Butte member; all of Pierre shale.The Pierre Shale in this area is late Campanian to early Maastrichtian in age and contains the Baculites eliasi, B. baculus, and B. grandis Zones (Fig. 1B). This section is equivalent in age to the lower one-half of the upper unnamed shale member of the Pierre Shale at Red Bird, Wyoming, as described by Gill & Cobban (1966).These hills, however, are erosional remnants of the once much more extensive Pierre Shale rock formation. It is in these rocks that the most diverse assemblage of fossils ever found in the Pierre Shale in North Dakota is located. In this part of eastern North Dakota the landscape has mostly been sculpted by glacial processes.The results show that removal of around 4-5 wt% of cementation material results in 43% reduction in Pierre I shale shear strength compared to the non-etched shale exposed to sodium chloride ...The Pierre Shale is a geologic formation or series in the Upper Cretaceous which occurs east of the Rocky Mountains in the Great Plains, from Pembina Valley in Canada to New Mexico. The Pierre Shale was described by Meek and Hayden in 1862 in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences . They described it as a dark-gray shale, fossiliferous, with veins and seams of gypsum, and concretions of ...

Twenty four Cretaceous shale core samples of Gibb Afia-1, Betty-1, Salam-1X and Mersa Matruh-1 wells were mineralogically and geochemically studied using XRD, XRF and Rock Eval Pyrolysis.The Pierre Shale is a marine deposit that accumulated in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway during the onset of Laramide tectonism in the southern Rocky Mountains region. In the eastern part ...Discusses the accuracy of dating methods and creationist arguments that radiometric dating does not work. Explains the Manson meteorite impact and the Pierre shale, the ages of meteorites, the K-T tektites, and dating the Mount Vesuvius eruption. (Author/YDS)Oil Shale Extraction - Oil shale extraction is more complicated than crude oil extraction; it includes the extra steps of retorting and refining. Read about oil shale extraction. Advertisement The process of extracting liquid crude oil from...The Pierre Shale is a dark gray clayey to silty mudstone that is exposed in large parts of the Northern Great Plains (Gill and Cobban 1966).It is time equivalent to the Bearpaw Shale in northern and western Montana, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and possibly Manitoba (depending on reference, e.g., Bamburak and Nicolas 2009).It is Campanian to Maastrichtian in age.

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Stratigraphers have determined that seven lithostratigraphic units are exposed in the study area: Chuar Group, Tremadoc Formation, Labrador Formation, Percha Shale, Salem Limestone, Paradox Formation, and Pierre Shale. The ages of the units have not yet been determined. To that end, fossils have been collected from nine stratigraphic horizons.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The scientific model for the Earth's formation is that there was a coalescence of comets planetesimals moons gas giants, Badlands National Park is made of layers of sedimentary rock. The order of layers tells us that the black Pierre Shale is older than the brown Brule Formation. This is an example of geologic time. relative age ...The elevated attention in respect to mineral processing in the past couple of decades has principally been focused on four black shale deposits: (i) Kupferschiefer Cu-Ag ore (Poland and Germany) (Borg et al., 2012), (ii) Ni-Mo-PGE polymetallic ore in Guizhou province and its extension in other districts (China) (T. Han et al., 2014), and (iii) Talvivaara/Terrafame Ni-Zn-Cu-Co ore in Finland ...These values are greater than 0.63 which is a reported B-value for Pierre shale (Makhnenko et al., 2011). The B-value is often used as a measure of the degree of sample saturation. ...Late Cretaceous marine turtles are rare in Canada, but specimens are known from three formations: Toxochelys latiremis Cope and Protostega sp. from the Pierre Shale, Pembina Member (lower ...The Pierre Shale, Fox Hills Sandstone, and Laramie Formation yield as much as 300 gpm (gallons per minute) to artesian wells. The White River Group of Oligocene age generally yields about 30 gpm to wells but yields larger amounts in places where it is highly fractured. The Pliocene Ogallala Formation yields as much as 50 gpm to wells across the ...

Dolichorhynchops is an extinct genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous (early Turonian to late Campanian stage) of North America, containing three species, D. osborni, D. bonneri and D. tropicensis, as well as a questionably referred fourth species, D. herschelensis. Dolichorhynchops was a prehistoric marine reptile, but at least one …Methane seeps in the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale of the U.S. Western interior contain a rich fauna including ammonites (Baculites, Hoploscaphites, Didymoceras, Placenticeras, Solenoceras ...The Pierre Shale, which is divided into identifiable sedimentary beds called members, also contains abundant fossils of numerous species of ammonites, ancestors of the chambered nautilus. The fossils, when combined with geologic mapping, allow the various exposed sections of the Pierre Shale to be pieced together in their proper relative ...Pierre Shale, where present, could act as groundwater divides that potentially affect groundwater flow direction. Surficial deposit thickness varied spatially and ranged from 0 to 86 feet. Surficial deposits generally were thickest in higher elevationThe Fox Hills conformably overlies the Pierre Shale and conformably and disconformably underlies and interfingers with the Hell Creek Formation; it occurs in about the western two-thirds of the state. The geology of the Fox Hills Formation in North Dakota, and the stratigraphy of which is based on previous surface information and recent ...On the other hand, Cerasi et al. conducted a series of uniaxial creep experiments on Pierre shale saturated with HCl acid to simulate the low pH environment upon injecting CO 2. Their study revealed that the creep rate increased upon exposure of the shale specimens to the acidic environment (Cerasi et al. 2017).The sea's signature is ammonites, baculites, and clams, pearly fossils entombed in a fossil mud called the Pierre Shale. This shale is exposed in the gully below you. A jungle sprang up after the sea drained away about 65 million years ago. For a long time tree roots broke up the shale, and chemicals from decaying plants produced a yellow soil.The Pierre Shale is a geologic formation or series in the Upper Cretaceous which occurs east of the Rocky Mountains in the Great Plains, from Pembina Valley in Canada [2] to New Mexico . The Pierre Shale was described by Meek and Hayden in 1862 in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences (Philadelphia).Sharon Springs member, Pierre shale--The Pierre shale was sampled in several stratigraphic positions, but complete sampling of its entire thickness was not attempted. Samples from the Sharon Springs shale member were the only samples which yielded oil. The Sharon Springs shale was not sampled in sufficient detail to permit calculation of ...The Fox Hills conformably overlies the Pierre Shale and conformably and disconformably underlies and interfingers with the Hell Creek Formation; it occurs in about the western two-thirds of the state. The geology of the Fox Hills Formation in North Dakota, and the stratigraphy of which is based on previous surface information and recent ...Pierre Shale (WY) Campanian Bearpaw Shale (Upper) (MT) [Campanian] Main Body Formation (CO) Pierre Shale (MT) Pierre Shale (SD) [Campanian] Pierre Shale (WY) [Campanian] Holotype of Baculites eliasi (USNM 108969). Original unmodified images provided by courtesy of the Smithsonian NMNH and adapted and presented here under …

Member of the Pierre Shale. Gives detailed reference locality [section] of the Pierre Shale at Red Bird, sec 13, T38N, R62W and sec 18, T38N, R61W, Niobrara Co, WY in the Powder River basin. Consists of hard, platy-weathering gray shale that contains a few layers of red-weathering siderite concretions and several thin beds of nonswelling bentonite.

Where Niobrara is a formation (in central and eastern parts of basin), it conformably (in places unconformably) overlies Sage Breaks Member of Carlile Shale and conformably underlies Gammon Ferruginous Member of either Pierre Shale (in eastern part of basin) or Steele Shale (in central part of basin).This is a 10 inch long Baculites compressus fossil from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota. Baculites ("walking stick rock") is an extinct cephalopod genus ...This paper describes the cranial morphology of two undescribed specimens of the polycotylid plesiosaur Dolichorhynchops bonneri from the Pierre Shale of South Dakota. Based on the axial osteology of the juvenile specimen (UNSM 55810), it was most likely a neonate at the time of death. The juvenile material exhibits well-defined suture lines in its …Pierre Shale and equivalent rocks refers to the whole body of rock investigated, including the equivalent marine and nonmarine rocks. For the main study of the Pierre Shale, this rock body was sampled at stratigraphic sections indicated by the numbered localities in figure 2. Details of the composition of these rocks will be given in the main ...Pierre Shale, undivided. Lykins Lyons and Fountain Fms (Triassic-Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area. Red siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. Colorado Group (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area. Consists of Niobrara Formation (Kn) and either Benton Shale or Carlile, Greenhorn, and Graneros Fms (Kcg)A geotechnical investigation of the Pierre Shale near Hayes, South Dakota, was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey as a basis for evaluating problems in ...A third known specimen of the ammonite Rhaeboceras burkholderi Cobban, 1987, has been discovered in the upper part of the Pierre Shale of early Maastrichtian age (Late Cretaceous) Baculites eliasi zone of Dawson County, Montana. This finding extends both the geographical and stratigraphic ranges of the species. In addition, R. cedarense new species is described from the Baculites baculus ...Shale sample size change is a fair response to a foreign fluid. Zhang et al. [87] conducted swelling measurements on Pierre I shale and Arco shale, demonstrating that adding salts (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl 2) can remarkably inhibit shale swelling. Higher salinity is more inhibitive, specifically given a salinity higher than the pore fluid and ...Pierre Shale are based on heights of peaks on diffractometer traces of unoriented powder samples. Conversion factors are derived from X-ray analyses of prepared mixtures, from weight loss due to solution by dilute acid of carbonate minerals in Pierre samples, and from comparison of X-ray and chemical ...The Pierre Shale at or near the surface displayed higher resistivity values than expected likely because of a greater degree of weathering, which reduces the quantity of conductive clay minerals and increases the resistivity. Many profiles in sheets 1-3 showed resistivity values greater than 30 ohm-m within 1 to 3 m of land surface where a ...

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Deposition began about 75 million years ago with the formation of the Pierre Shale, the base of the geologic formations in the park. Deposition ended about 28 million years ago with the Sharps Formation, the uppermost unit of Badlands stratigraphy. Erosion is the process of rocks gradually wearing away.Se-rich soils in eastern Montana, western North Dakota, much of South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, are underlain by a mixture of rock types, but shale is abundant in these areas. Particularly high concentrations of Se occur in soils overlying the Northern Rolling Pierre Shale Plains (USDA, 2006) in central South Dakota.Abstract. The Pierre Shale consists of interbedded marine shale and sandstone representing nearly continuous marine sedimentation during Late Cretaceous time. The Pierre Shale and time-equivalent marine units in the western interior United States contain 28 ammonite range zones. The ammonites show such rapid evolution and such wide geographic ...Sharon Springs shale member of Pierre shale. Basal member of Pierre shale in Wallace County, northwestern Kansas, and its lithology differs widely from that of rest of formation. Upper 65 feet consists of flaky, somewhat bituminous black shale and, rarely, porous light-gray shale, both with abundant fish scales, gigantic septarian and smaller ...The taxonomic identity of two well-preserved polycotylid plesiosaur skeletons from the Pierre Shale of far northern Wyoming and southern South Dakota has been controversial since their discovery. Originally referred to Dolichorhynchops osborni, the material was almost immediately christened Trinacromerum bonneri Adams 1997; more recently the material has been referred toPolycotylus.The Cretaceous Pierre Shale formation of the United States and Canada is well known for the abundant ammonite fauna it yields, including Baculites, Placenticeras, Scaphites, Hoploscaphites and Jeletzkytes, as well as many uncoiled forms. Many of these also have much or all of the original shell, as well as the complete body chamber, still intact.The Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale is stratigraphically unique. It differs from the rest of the Pierre Shale because of its dark color, resis­ tance to erosion, richness in organic material, and high radioactivity. At most localities, many ben- tonite beds are in the lower part of the member, andNov 2014. Chris Neuzil. Shale: an overlooked option for US nuclear waste disposal Chris Neuzil CHRIS NEUZIL Chris Neuzil is a senior scientist with the National Research Program of the US ...OAHE DAM is located in central South Dakota 1,123 miles above the mouth of the Missouri River and 6 miles northwest of Pierre, the capital of the state. The reservoir created by the Dam extends approximately 250 river miles upstream, to within a short distance of Bismarck, North Dakota. The dam and reservoir take their name from Oahe Mission ...These values are greater than 0.63 which is a reported B-value for Pierre shale (Makhnenko et al., 2011). The B-value is often used as a measure of the degree of sample saturation. ...XRD patterns contain information about the mineral crystal structure, and crucially also crystallite orientation. Here, we report on the use of orientational imaging using XRD-CT … ….

Pierre Shale, undivided. Lykins Lyons and Fountain Fms (Triassic-Pennsylvanian) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area. Red siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. Colorado Group (Cretaceous) at surface, covers 0.5 % of this area. Consists of Niobrara Formation (Kn) and either Benton Shale or Carlile, Greenhorn, and Graneros Fms (Kcg)Formation, Pierre Shale, Niobrara Formation, and Eagle Ford Formation. the most common production technology h as been surface mining, followed b y p rocessing in . above-ground retorts.Tununk Member of the Mancos Shale below the capping Ferron Sandstone Member. West side of the San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah. The Mancos Shale or Mancos Group is a Late Cretaceous (Upper Cretaceous) geologic formation of the Western United States . The Mancos Shale was first described by Cross and Purington in 1899 [1] and was named for ...The elevated attention in respect to mineral processing in the past couple of decades has principally been focused on four black shale deposits: (i) Kupferschiefer Cu-Ag ore (Poland and Germany) (Borg et al., 2012), (ii) Ni-Mo-PGE polymetallic ore in Guizhou province and its extension in other districts (China) (T. Han et al., 2014), and (iii) Talvivaara/Terrafame Ni-Zn-Cu-Co ore in Finland ...The Pierre Shale, a thick unit of Upper Cretaceous marine strata, crops out in a belt as much as 20 miles wide that parallels the Front Range in Colorado. In terms of the standard stages of the Cretaceous, the known age of the Pierre Shale in this part of Colorado ranges from some part of the late early Campanian through the early Maestrichtian.Interactive 3D model of a single sediment-filled chamber of the baculite ammonite Baculites sp. from the Cretaceous Pierre Shale of Wasta, South Dakota (PRI 70605). Specimen is from the collections of the Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York. Maximum length of specimen is approximately 7 cm. Photographs of this specimen are ...With imbibition experiments with Pierre shale cores, Wang, Butler, Liu, and Ahmed (2011) showed that LSW did not cause a permeability reduction in the presence of clays. ... Shale pieces #1–10 were used for Case 1, #11–20 for Case 2, and #21–30 for Case 3. For each core assembly, the longitudinal fracture was called “propped fracture ...Uncertainty about the origin of anomalous fluid pressures in certain geologic settings has caused researchers to take a second look at osmosis, or flow driven by chemical potential differences, as ...Pierre Shale ar e 3 8.6 and 37.2 mm, resp ectively (Land-man et al. 2007, table 13.1). These differences s uggest . that the speci mens of Bacul ites sp. (smooth) from the .Many deflation basins have formed on the Pierre Shale surface to the east of the Colorado Front Range from Denver to Fort Collins. Other pans occur in association with Late Pleistocene desiccation of large pluvial lakes, which was accompanied by deflation in many regions. This led to the migration of dune fields into areas adjacent to the ... Pierre shale, [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1]